Physical Fitness Surveillance and Monitoring Systems Inventory for Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review with a Global Perspective.

Surveillance of health-related physical fitness can improve decision-making and intervention strategies promoting health for children and adolescents. However, no study has comprehensively analyzed surveillance/monitoring systems for physical fitness globally. This review sought to address this gap by identifying: (1) national-level surveillance/monitoring systems for physical fitness among children and adolescents globally, (2) the main barriers and challenges to implementing surveillance/monitoring systems, and (3) governmental actions related to existing surveillance/monitoring systems. We used a scoping review to search, obtain, group, summarize, and analyze available evidence. Our review involved three stages: (1) identification of surveillance systems through a systematic literature review, with complementary search of the grey literature (e.g., reference lists, Google Scholar, webpages, recommendations), (2) systematic consultation with relevant experts using a Delphi method to confirm/add systems and to gather and analyze information on the barriers and challenges to implementing systems, and (3) Web searches for public documents on government sites and surveillance/monitoring system pages, and direct internet searches to identify relevant governmental actions related to surveillance systems. A total of 15 fitness surveillance/monitoring systems met our inclusion criteria. Experts identified a lack of government support and funding, and the low priority of fitness on the public health agenda as the main barriers/challenges to implementation. Several governmental actions related to surveillance systems were identified, including policies, strategies, programs, and guidelines. We propose a Global Observatory of Physical Fitness to help address these issues.

The discovery of an anti-inflammatory monoterpenoid, neoroseoside from the Zea mays.

A new monoterpenoid, neoroseoside (1), along with two previously reported compounds, 2″-O-α-l-rhamnosyl-6-C-fucosylluteolin (2) and farobin A (3) were isolated from the Zea mays. The structure of compound 1 was determined through the analysis spectroscopic data, including mass spectrometry (MS), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data. The absolute configurations of 1 were deduced from the comparing the values of optical rotations and from the interpretation of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Compounds 2 and 3 displayed moderate antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 (inhibition rates 24 % and 28 %, respectively) and Streptococcus sobrinus ATCC 33478 (inhibition rate of 26 %), at a concentration of 100 µg/mL, whereas compound 1 did not have any significant antibacterial activities. The compounds 1-3 also showed anti-inflammatory activity on cytokine IL-6 and TNF-α.

Long-term efficacy of encapsulated xenogeneic islet transplantation: Impact of encapsulation techniques and donor genetic traits.

AIMS/INTRODUCTION: To investigate the long-term efficacy of various encapsulated xenogeneic islet transplantation, and to explore the impact of different donor porcine genetic traits on islet transplantation outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Donor porcine islets were obtained from wild-type, α1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout (GTKO) and GTKO with overexpression of membrane cofactor protein genotype. Naked, alginate, alginate-chitosan (AC), alginate-perfluorodecalin (A-PFD) and AC-perfluorodecalin (AC-PFD) encapsulated porcine islets were transplanted into diabetic mice. RESULTS: In vitro assessments showed no differences in the viability and function of islets across encapsulation types and donor porcine islet genotypes. Xenogeneic encapsulated islet transplantation with AC-PFD capsules showed the most favorable long-term outcomes, maintaining normal blood glucose levels for 180 days. A-PFD capsules showed comparable results to AC-PFD capsules, followed by AC capsules and alginate capsules. Conversely, blood glucose levels in naked islet transplantation increased to >300 mg/dL within a week after transplantation. Naked islet transplantation outcomes showed no improvement based on donor islet genotype. However, alginate or AC capsules showed delayed increases in blood glucose levels for GTKO and GTKO with overexpression of membrane cofactor protein porcine islets compared with wild-type porcine islets. CONCLUSION: The AC-PFD capsule, designed to ameliorate both hypoxia and inflammation, showed the highest long-term efficacy in xenogeneic islet transplantation. Genetic modifications of porcine islets with GTKO or GTKO with overexpression of membrane cofactor protein did not influence naked islet transplantation outcomes, but did delay graft failure when encapsulated.

Successful treatment of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus with ruxolitinib: a case report.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare, life-threatening hematological disorder characterized by uncontrolled activation of CD8+ T and natural killer cells, leading to a cytokine storm and severe organ dysfunction. Although secondary HLH related to autoimmune diseases usually demonstrates a good treatment response to immunosuppressive therapy for underlying conditions, there is no consensus regarding the treatment in case of unresponsiveness to the treatment. Herein, we present a case of HLH that was unresponsive to high-dose glucocorticoid and cyclosporine treatment in a patient with newly diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus. The patient's clinical features and laboratory abnormalities rapidly improved with ruxolitinib, an oral Janus kinase 1 and 2 (JAK1/2) inhibitor. This result suggests that blocking JAK-STAT pathway may be a potential treatment option in patients with refractory HLH secondary to autoimmune diseases.

Exploring the world of active play: A comprehensive review of global surveillance and monitoring of active play based on the global matrix data.

A valid assessment tool that measures active play is not yet available due to the sporadic and spontaneous nature of play, as well as the potential differences in how active play is understood and measured across different age groups, cultures, and contexts. The purpose of this review was to identify the scope and gaps in the measurement of active play based on data gathered from 68 countries that participated in the Global Matrix (GM) initiative, led by the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance (AHKGA). GM is the global-level, biennial evaluation system of physical activity related behaviors among children and youth, including the Active Play indicator, and the sources of influence using letter grades (ranging between "A" and "F"). Based on the identified scope and gaps, this study offers recommendations for future research dedicated to the measurement/surveillance of active play. Out of the 68 countries involved in the previous GM (2014-22), 55% of the grades remained unassigned due to insufficient data on the Active Play indicator. The high number of unassigned grades, combined with the absence of valid measurement tool, highlight a need for a standardized measurement tool for improved global data generation of active play among children and youth. Our findings emphasize the need to address challenges in measuring active play. This review offers future considerations, research recommendations specific to the GM initiative, and two sets of age- and location-specific (indoor and outdoor settings) questionnaire items along with guidelines for its use. Together, these elements provide a roadmap for guiding future research and evaluation efforts on active play.

Safety assessment of Paeonia lactiflora root extract for a cosmetic ingredient employing the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) approach.

Botanical extracts, widely used in cosmetics, pose a challenge to safety assessment due to their complex compositions. The threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) approach, offering a safe exposure level for cosmetic ingredients, proves to be a promising solution for ensuring the safety of cosmetic ingredients with low exposure level. We assessed the safety of Paeonia lactiflora root extract (PLR), commonly used in skin conditioning products, with the TTC. We identified 50 constituents of PLR extract from the USDA database and literature exploration. Concentration of each constituent of PLR extract was determined with the information from USDA references, literature, and experimental analysis. The genotoxicity of PLR and its constituents was assessed in vitro and in silico respectively. Cramer class of the constituents of the PLR extract was determined with Toxtree 3.1 extended decision tree using ChemTunes®. Systemic exposure of each constituent from leave-on type cosmetic products containing PLR at a 1% concentration was estimated and compared with respective TTC threshold. Two constituents exceeding TTC threshold were further analyzed for dermal absorption using in silico tools, which confirmed the safety of PLR extract in cosmetics. Collectively, we demonstrated that the TTC is a useful tool for assessing botanical extract safety in cosmetics.

The secreted protein Amuc_1409 from Akkermansia muciniphila improves gut health through intestinal stem cell regulation.

Akkermansia muciniphila has received great attention because of its beneficial roles in gut health by regulating gut immunity, promoting intestinal epithelial development, and improving barrier integrity. However, A. muciniphila-derived functional molecules regulating gut health are not well understood. Microbiome-secreted proteins act as key arbitrators of host-microbiome crosstalk through interactions with host cells in the gut and are important for understanding host-microbiome relationships. Herein, we report the biological function of Amuc_1409, a previously uncharacterised A. muciniphila-secreted protein. Amuc_1409 increased intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation and regeneration in ex vivo intestinal organoids and in vivo models of radiation- or chemotherapeutic drug-induced intestinal injury and natural aging with male mice. Mechanistically, Amuc_1409 promoted E-cadherin/ß-catenin complex dissociation via interaction with E-cadherin, resulting in the activation of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling. Our results demonstrate that Amuc_1409 plays a crucial role in intestinal homeostasis by regulating ISC activity in an E-cadherin-dependent manner and is a promising biomolecule for improving and maintaining gut health.

Effect of Secukinumab Versus Adalimumab Biosimilar on Radiographic Progression in Patients With Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis: Results From a Head-to-Head Randomized Phase IIIb Study.

OBJECTIVE: Spinal radiographic progression is an important outcome in radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (SpA). The objective of the phase IIIb SURPASS study was to compare spinal radiographic progression in patients with radiographic axial SpA treated with secukinumab (interleukin-17A inhibitor) versus adalimumab biosimilar (Sandoz adalimumab [SDZ-ADL]; tumor necrosis factor inhibitor). METHODS: Biologic-naive patients with active radiographic axial SpA, at high risk of radiographic progression (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP] ≥5 mg/L and/or ≥1 syndesmophyte[s] on spinal radiographs), were randomized (1:1:1) to secukinumab (150/300 mg) or SDZ-ADL (40 mg). The proportion of patients with no radiographic progression (change from baseline [CFB] in modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score [mSASSS] ≤0.5) on secukinumab versus SDZ-ADL at week 104 (primary endpoint), mean CFB-mSASSS, proportion of patients with ≥1 syndesmophyte(s) at baseline with no new syndesmophyte(s), and safety were evaluated. RESULTS: Overall, 859 patients (78.5% male, mSASSS 16.6, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index 7.1, hsCRP 20.4 mg/L, and 73.0% with ≥1 syndesmophyte[s]) received secukinumab 150 mg (n = 287), secukinumab 300 mg (n = 286), or SDZ-ADL (n = 286). At week 104, the proportion of patients with no radiographic progression was 66.1%, 66.9%, and 65.6% (P = not significant, both secukinumab doses) and mean CFB-mSASSS was 0.54, 0.55, and 0.72 in secukinumab 150 mg, secukinumab 300 mg, and SDZ-ADL arms, respectively. Overall, 56.9%, 53.8%, and 53.3% of patients on secukinumab 150 mg, secukinumab 300 mg, and SDZ-ADL, respectively, with ≥1 syndesmophyte(s) at baseline did not develop new syndesmophyte(s) by week 104. There were no unexpected safety findings. CONCLUSION: Spinal radiographic progression over two years was low with no significant difference between secukinumab and SDZ-ADL arms. The safety of both treatments was consistent with previous reports.

Development and validation of the SAFE (Socially Ascribed intersectional identities For Equity) questionnaire.

Traditional questionnaires do not capture the complexity of how people are viewed by others and grouped into categories on the basis of what is inferred (or not) about them. This is critical in applying an intersectionality framework in research because people are negatively impacted because of "who they are" but also based on "how others see them." The purpose of this project was to develop and validate a questionnaire, grounded in intersectionality theory and a nuanced understanding of social position, that can be applied in large-scale, population-based surveys and studies. Drawing on 61 existing quantitative surveys collecting identity-based information and 197 qualitative studies on intersectionality describing the complex ways in which people's social positions are constructed and experienced, we created a draft questionnaire comprising five parts: 1) Sex and Gender, 2) Sexuality and Sexual Orientation, 3) Cultural Context, 4) Disability, Health, and Physical Characteristics, and 5) Socioeconomic Status. A draft of the questionnaire was then reviewed by experts via the Delphi process, which gauged the accessibility of the questionnaire (e.g., language used, length) and the relevance of its content using a 5-point scale and open-ended questions. These responses were ranked, analyzed, and synthesized to refine the questionnaire and, ultimately, to obtain ≥75 % consensus on each questionnaire item and response option. The SAFE questionnaire provides an opportunity to take a significant step forward in advancing our understanding of the complex, intersectional nature of social participation and marginalization.

Epidemiology and treatment outcome of ANCA-associated vasculitis in South Korea: a nationwide, population-based cohort study.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the epidemiological features of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) in South Korea. METHODS: We identified the index cases of GPA and MPA using the 2010-2018 Korean National Health Insurance Service database and the Rare Intractable Disease registry for the entire Korean population. Each disease's incidence and prevalence rates and trends over time were analysed. To assess the impact of disease on morbidity and mortality, a comparator group comprising the general population was established using nearest-neighbour matching by age, sex, income, and comorbidity index, at a 5:1 ratio. Morbidity outcomes included the initiation of renal replacement therapy and admission to the intensive care unit. RESULTS: We identified 546 and 795 patients with GPA and MPA, respectively. The incidence rates of both diseases increased with age, with peak incidence rates observed among patients aged ≥70 years. The incidence of MPA increased continuously over time, whereas that of GPA showed no significant changes. During the observation period, 132 (28.7%) and 277 (41.1%) patients in the GPA and MPA groups, respectively, died, which were significantly higher than that in the general population (standardised mortality ratio: 3.53 and 5.58, respectively) and comparator group (hazard ratio: 4.02 and 5.64, respectively). Higher mortality and morbidity rates were observed among patients with MPA than among those with GPA. CONCLUSIONS: In South Korea, the incidence of MPA has increased over time. Although both GPA and MPA had high rates of mortality and morbidity, MPA has a poorer prognosis than GPA.

Trends in adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines among US adolescents from 2011 to 2019: Evidence from repeated cross-sectional cycles of the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System.

BACKGROUND: Adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines is associated with various health benefits, but given the novelty of these integrative recommendations, little is known about year-to-year trends in guideline adherence in adolescents. This study investigated trends of adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines among US adolescents. METHODS: Data from 2011 to 2019 cycles of the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System were used, which included 62 589 US adolescents aged 14-17 years (female: unweighted sample size = 31 876, 51%; weighted% = 50.1%). Participants self-reported their demographic information (i.e., sex, age, race/ethnicity), physical activity, screen time and sleep duration. Meeting the 24-h movement guidelines was operationalized as simultaneously engaging in 60 min or more of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, no more than 2 h of screen time, and 8-10 h of sleep per day. Trend analysis was used to examine the secular changes in adherence to the integrated guidelines from 2011 to 2019. RESULTS: Downward trends in adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines were observed among adolescents from 2011 (3.6%) to 2019 (2.6%). After stratification by sex, age, and race/ethnicity, similar downward trends in the guideline adherence were observed in females and Black/African American adolescents. The lowest prevalence of meeting the individual guidelines was for the PA guidelines (25.6%). Movement guideline adherence was consistently lowest among females, older adolescents, and those who identified as Black/African American. CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines has declined among US adolescents over the past decade. Interventions should prioritize an integrative approach that could increase concurrent adherence to each of the 24-h movement guideline, particularly among female, older and minority adolescents.

Adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines and their association with depressive symptoms in adolescents: Evidence from Bangladesh.

Healthy movement behaviours are associated with various physical and mental wellbeing; however, little is known about such associations in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to examine adherence to 24-hour (h) movement guidelines and their relationship with depressive symptoms in adolescents. Data were from 312 Bangladeshi adolescents aged 13-17 years (42% female). Meeting the guidelines was defined as: energy expenditure for physical activity (PA) â€‹≥ â€‹1 680 Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET)-min/week, ≤ 2 â€‹h/day of recreational screen time (ST), and 8-10 â€‹h/night of sleep. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10) with a score of 10 or more indicating high depressive symptoms. Percentage of adolescents meeting the three recommendations was 2.2%, with 17.6% meeting two, and 31.2% meeting one recommendation. Generalized estimating equations showed that odds of having high depressive symptoms was a third (odds ratio [OR] â€‹= â€‹0.35, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.19-0.57) for meeting the PA guidelines, and about a half (OR = 0.47, 95%CI, 0.18-0.87) for meeting the sleep guidelines. Odds of depressive symptoms reduced significantly for meeting PA and sleep (OR = 0.20, 95%CI, 0.09-0.59), or PA and ST (OR â€‹= â€‹0.24, 95%CI, 0.08-0.55) guidelines. About half of the adolescents did not meet any recommendations, which underscores the need for public health campaigns to promote adherence to the movement guidelines in this pediatric population. Further longitudinal research with larger sample size is recommended to explore the inter-relationships of these behaviours and their impact on health and wellbeing outcomes of adolescents in Bangladesh.

Flare prediction after tapering the dose of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: A nationwide cohort study.

OBJECTIVES: To develop a model for predicting flares after tapering the dose of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). METHODS: Data were obtained from the Korean College of Rheumatology Biologics and Targeted Therapy Registry. In total, 526 patients who received the standard-dose TNFi for at least 1 year and tapered their dose were included in the derivation cohort. The main outcome was a flare occurrence defined as an Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score with C-reactive protein (ASDAS-CRP) score of ≥ 2.1 after 1 year of TNFi tapering. The final prediction model was validated using an independent cohort. RESULTS: Among 526 patients, 127 (24.1%) experienced flares. The final prediction model included negative human leucocyte antigen B27 (ß = 1.088), inflammatory back pain (ß = 1.072), psoriasis (ß = 1.567), family history of SpA (ß = 0.623), diabetes mellitus (ß = 1.092), TNFi tapering by ≥ 50% of the standard-dose (ß = 0.435), ASDAS-CRP at tapering (ß = 1.029), and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index score at tapering (ß = 0.194) as covariates. It showed an excellent discrimination performance (AUC = 0.828). According to the predictive risk, patients were classified into three groups (low-, intermediate-, and high-risk). The probabilities of flares in these groups were 4.5%, 18.1%, and 61.8%, respectively. The performance of the model in the validation cohort was also comparable. CONCLUSION: The established prediction model accurately predicted the risk of flares after TNFi dose tapering in patients with axSpA using eight simple clinical parameters, which could be helpful to select appropriate patients for tapering their TNFi without flare in daily clinical practice.

2,4,6-Triphenyl-1-hexene, an Anti-Melanogenic Compound from Marine-Derived Bacillus sp. APmarine135.

Although melanin protects against ultraviolet radiation, its overproduction causes freckles and senile lentigines. Recently, various biological effects of metabolites derived from marine microorganisms have been highlighted due to their potential for biological and pharmacological applications. In this study, we discovered the anti-melanogenic effect of Bacillus sp. APmarine135 and verified the skin-whitening effect. Fractions of APmarine135 showed the melanin synthesis inhibition effect in B16 melanoma cells, and 2,4,6-triphenyl-1-hexene was identified as an active compound. The melanogenic capacity of 2,4,6-triphenyl-1-hexene (1) was investigated by assessing the intracellular melanin content in B16 cells. Treatment with 5 ppm of 2,4,6-triphenyl-1-hexene (1) for 72 h suppressed the α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced intracellular melanin increase to the same level as in the untreated control group. Additionally, 2,4,6-triphenyl-1-hexene (1) treatment suppressed the activity of tyrosinase, the rate-limiting enzyme for melanogenesis. Moreover, 2,4,6-triphenyl-1-hexene (1) treatment downregulated tyrosinase, Tyrp-1, and Tyrp-2 expression by inhibiting the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). Furthermore, 2,4,6-triphenyl-1-hexene (1) treatment decreased the melanin content in the three-dimensional (3D) human-pigmented epidermis model MelanoDerm and exerted skin-whitening effects. Mechanistically, 2,4,6-triphenyl-1-hexene (1) exerted anti-melanogenic effects by suppressing tyrosinase, Tyrp-1, and Tyrp-2 expression and activities via inhibition of the MITF. Collectively, these findings suggest that 2,4,6-triphenyl-1-hexene (1) is a promising anti-melanogenic agent in the cosmetic industry.

Glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase (EPRS1) drives tubulointerstitial nephritis-induced fibrosis by enhancing T cell proliferation and activity.

Toxin- and drug-induced tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN), characterized by interstitial infiltration of immune cells, frequently necessitates dialysis for patients due to irreversible fibrosis. However, agents modulating interstitial immune cells are lacking. Here, we addressed whether the housekeeping enzyme glutamyl-prolyl-transfer RNA synthetase 1 (EPRS1), responsible for attaching glutamic acid and proline to transfer RNA, modulates immune cell activity during TIN and whether its pharmacological inhibition abrogates fibrotic transformation. The immunological feature following TIN induction by means of an adenine-mixed diet was infiltration of EPRS1high T cells, particularly proliferating T and γδ T cells. The proliferation capacity of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, along with interleukin-17 production of γδ T cells, was higher in the kidneys of TIN-induced Eprs1+/+ mice than in the kidneys of TIN-induced Eprs1+/- mice. This discrepancy contributed to the fibrotic amelioration observed in kidneys of Eprs1+/- mice. TIN-induced fibrosis was also reduced in Rag1-/- mice adoptively transferred with Eprs1+/- T cells compared to the Rag1-/- mice transferred with Eprs1+/+ T cells. The use of an EPRS1-targeting small molecule inhibitor (bersiporocin) under clinical trials to evaluate its therapeutic potential against idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis alleviated immunofibrotic aggravation in TIN. EPRS1 expression was also observed in human kidney tissues and blood-derived T cells, and high expression was associated with worse patient outcomes. Thus, EPRS1 may emerge as a therapeutic target in toxin- and drug-induced TIN, modulating the proliferation and activity of infiltrated T cells.

Kidney Health Plan 2033 in Korea: bridging the gap between the present and the future.

In response to the increase in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Korea, the growth of patients requiring renal replacement therapy and the subsequent increase in medical costs, the rapid expansion of patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), and the decrease in patients receiving home therapy, including peritoneal dialysis, the Korean Society of Nephrology has proclaimed the new policy, Kidney Health Plan 2033 (KHP 2033). KHP 2033 would serve as a milestone to bridge the current issues to a future solution by directing the prevention and progression of CKD and ESKD, particularly diabetic kidney disease, and increasing the proportion of home therapy, thereby reducing the socioeconomic burden of kidney disease and improving the quality of life. Here, we provide the background for the necessity of KHP 2033, as well as the contents of KHP 2033, and enlighten the Korean Society of Nephrology's future goals. Together with patients, healthcare providers, academic societies, and national policymakers, we need to move forward with goal-oriented drive and leadership to achieve these goals.

Resting heart rate is associated with the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Korean adult: the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey.

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a significant health challenge, yet early detection remains difficult. Resting heart rate (RHR) has been shown to be a reliable indicator of type 2 diabetes, prompting interest in its potential as an independent predictor of CKD. This study aimed to investigate the association between RHR and CKD prevalence, as well as explore potential interactions between RHR and other risk factors for CKD in a sample of 25,246 adults. METHODS: Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2014) were utilized for this study, with 19,210 participants included after screening. Logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the relationship between RHR and CKD prevalence. Stratified analyses were conducted based on known risk factors for CKD. RESULTS: Participants with an RHR ≥ 90 bpm exhibited a 2.07-fold [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.28-3.34] and 2.22-fold (95% CI: 1.42-3.48) higher prevalence of CKD in men and women, respectively, compared to those with an RHR < 60 bpm. The association between RHR and CKD prevalence was particularly pronounced in younger participants (40-59 years vs. ≥ 60 years), individuals with diabetes (yes vs. no), and those with a longer duration of diabetes (≥ 7 years vs. < 7 years). CONCLUSION: Elevated RHR was found to be significantly associated with a higher prevalence of CKD in both men and women, independent of demographic, lifestyle, and medical factors. These findings suggest that RHR could serve as a valuable predictor for undiagnosed CKD.

Methylanthranilate, a Food Fragrance Attenuates Skin Pigmentation through Downregulation of Melanogenic Enzymes by cAMP Suppression.

Methyl anthranilate (MA) is a botanical fragrance used in food flavoring with unexplored potential in anti-pigment cosmetics. MA dose-dependently reduced melanin content without affecting cell viability, inhibited dendrite elongation and melanosome transfer in the co-culture system of human melanoma cells (MNT-1) and human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT), and downregulated melanogenic genes, including tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1 and 2 (TRP-1, TRP-2). Additionally, MA decreased cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production and exhibited a significant anti-pigmentary effect in Melanoderm™. These results suggest that MA is a promising anti-pigmentary agent for replacing or complementing existing anti-pigmentary cosmetics.

Corrigendum: Korean treatment recommendations for patients with axial spondyloarthritis.

[This corrects the article on p. 151 in vol. 30, PMID: 37476674.].